When acids cause dissolution on the surface layer of teeth called tooth enamel, decay occurs. These acids are caused by a sticky layer called dental plaque. There are bacteria that feed on sugary foods in dental plaque. During the digestion of these sugars, acid attacks occur on the tooth surface.

Over time, dental caries can cause material losses on the tooth surface. These are called cavities. If not treated, cavities can progress. Dental fillings can prevent the cavity from growing.

Acids constantly attack tooth surfaces. However, tooth decay does not happen suddenly. This is because other elements in your teeth try to strengthen your teeth and prevent the decay process. One of these elements is saliva. Saliva contains minerals that help strengthen tooth enamel. Fluoride, a natural mineral often added to water and found in toothpastes, also helps strengthen teeth.

4 stages of tooth decay

Stage 1: Spots that appear in different colors on the tooth surface may be caries. Brushing or flossing with fluoride toothpaste can prevent this spot from becoming a cavity.

Stage 2: At this stage, the caries is in the form of a cavity. It has passed through the hard surface layer of the tooth.

Stage 3: The cavity will enlarge rapidly as it has reached the softer layer of the tooth.

Stage 4: If the cavity is not filled, it may lead to bigger problems deep down in the tooth. It is therefore important to visit the dentist regularly.

Some tips to prevent tooth decay:

• Abstain from consuming too many sweet foods. Reduce snacking between meals. This will help prevent dental plaque from producing acid and will also reduce the frequency of tooth exposure to acid attacks.
• Drink plenty of water, especially if you are taking certain medications. Certain medications can reduce the amount of saliva your body produces. This creates a greater risk of dental caries.
• Use a fluoride toothpaste or mouthwash. Fluoride makes the tooth surface firmer and stronger.
• You should visit your dentist at least twice a year. Your dentist will clean your teeth and check for cavities. If you have cavities in your teeth, your doctor may recommend a filling application, fluoride, or one of the other treatment options.